| STUDY GUIDE FOR TEST 3 Match these words with the questions over there------------------------------------>. 10,000 words 18 -- 30 months 5 words a day 5-year-olds 6 1/2 years aggression altruistic androgynous animistic thinking appetite assisted discovery associative play birth or before bodily/kinesthetic center of gravity cerebellum child-care centers, preschools, schools conservation cooperative play corpus callosum egocentrism emotional self-regulation empathy encourage good conduct epiphyses existential expansion gender identity gender typing Head Start Head Start imaginary companions immunizations initiative vs. guilt interpersonal intrapersonal logical/mathematical make believe play musical naturalist nonsocial activity Oedipus conflict otitis media parallel play pituitary gland pragmatics preoperational stage private speech scaffolding self-esteem self-guidance skeletal age sociodramatic play sympathy synapses synaptic pruning time out a train tying shoes unintentional injuries verbal/linguistic visual/spatial |
| CHAPTER EIGHT 1. The best way to estimate a child’s physical maturity is to use: 2. X-rays of ______________ permit doctors to estimate a child's progress toward physical maturity. 3. The age at which most North American children get their first permanent tooth: 4. An overproduction of ______________ during early childhood supports the plasticity of the brain. 5. The process by which neurons seldom stimulated lose their connective fibers: 6. Although hand preference is evident in 10% of 1-year-olds, 90% of _________________________ show hand preference. 7. The ______________ is a structure at the rear and base of the brain that aids in balance and control of body movement. 8. The ____________ is the bundle of large fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain. 9. The gland located at the base of the brain that releases hormones affecting physical growth is the _______________ gland. 10. A decline in ____________ during the preschool years occurs because growth has slowed. 11. As an effort to reduce the rate of childhood diseases, in 1994 all medically uninsured American children were guaranteed government- funded ______________________. 12. Attendance here increases a child's risk for such illnesses as measles, flu, respiratory infections, diarrhea, lice, etc. 13. In industrialized nations, ____________ is/are the leading cause of death in early and middle childhood. 14. Another term for a middle ear infection is ___________________. 15. Preschoolers are more proficient at posture and balance because their __________________________ has lowered. 16. What is the most complex self-help skill of early childhood? CHAPTER NINE 17. According to Piaget, the _____________________ begins at 2 and ends at 7. 18. The make-believe play with others that first appears between 2 and 3 years is also called ____________________________. 19. About 25% to 45% of preschoolers spend much time in solitary make-believe with these, fantasized friends endowed with human-like qualities. 20. ___________________ is the failure to distinguish the symbolic viewpoints of others from one's own. 21. The belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities, such as thoughts, wishes, feelings, and intentions is called _____________________. 22. Which of the following is 3-year-old Leah most likely to believe is alive? a. a rock b. the kitchen table c. a crayon d. a train 23. Hennie and Brendan have identical balls of playdough. After Brendan flattens his into a pancake, he believes that now he has more playdough than Hennie. What Piagetian skill does Brendan lack? 24. Self-directed speech that children use to plan and guide their own behavior is now known as ______________________, according to Vygotsky. 24a. We all speak to ourselves. Admit it. 25. According to Vygotsky, children speak to themselves for ____________________. |
| 26. ________________ refers to the changing quality of social support over the course of a teaching session. 27. Vygotsky's approach to education emphasizes: 28. According to Vygotsky, ___________________________ is the ideal social activity for promoting cognitive development in early childhood. 29. ____________________ includes parent involvement in the classroom, nutritional and medical services, and programs for parents on child development and parenting skills. 30. Which of the following programs is least expensive? a. Head Start b. special education classes c. treatment of juvenile delinquents d. welfare 31. At age 2, a child has a vocabulary of approximately 200 words. At age six, how big is his vocabulary? 32. Up to the age of 6 years, children add ______ new word(s) to their vocabularies daily, on average. 33. The practical side of language used in social contexts is called: 34. Collin says, “I see truck!”; His grandmother responds, “Yes, you see a big, red fire truck!” His grandmother’s response would be classified as a (an): CHAPTER TEN 35. Erikson’s critical psychological conflict during the preschool years is: 36. The judgments we make about our own worth and the feelings associated with those judgments is called our _________________. 37. A child's ability to control their expression of emotions is called _________________________________. 38. ____________________ behavior is done to benefit others, without the expectation of a reward. 39. Sabrina responds with _____________ to her friend Ella, who is crying. In other words, Sabrina feels sad, too. 40. Feelings of concern or sorrow over another's plight is called ____________________. 41. Three year old Sam wanders around the room at preschool, observing other children. Sometimes he is unoccupied, sometimes he just watches, and sometimes he plays alone. Sam is engaging in _______________________ . 42. Danny and Vinny are playing with similar objects in the same room, without looking at one another at all. They are engaging in _______________________ . 43. Jason digs a tunnel at one end of the sand table, while Jennifer makes cupcakes at the other. They converse and pass tools back and forth. They are displaying ______________________. 44. In the block area, Tim and Randy work together to build a castle. They are participating in ________________________ . 45. The conflict by which the boy desires to possess his mother and feels hostile toward his father is known as the: 46. One of the undesirable side-effects of harsh punishment, such as spanking, is that the punishment itself models __________________. 47. Removing children from the immediate setting until they are ready to act appropriately is a discipline technique known as ________________. 48. The most effective forms of discipline: 49. The process of developing gender-linked preferences and behaviors valued by the larger society is called: 50. As early as _______________, children begin to categorize themselves and others on the basis of gender. 51. Parents begin to hold different perceptions and expectations of their children based on gender by age: 52. A person's perception of the self as relatively masculine or feminine in characteristics is one's: 53. A person who displays many masculine and feminine characteristics: 54. -- 62. List the 9 intelligences listed in Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory: |
| ANSWERS: 1. skeletal age; 2. epiphyses; 3. 6 1/2 years; 4. synapses; 5. synaptic pruning; 6. 5-year-olds; 7. cerebellum; 8. corpus callosum; 9. pituitary; 10. appetite; 11. immunizations; 12. child-care centers, preschools, schools, etc.; 13. unintentional injuries; 14. otitis media; 15. center of gravity; 16. tying shoes; 17. preoperational stage; 18. sociodramatic play; 19. imaginary companions; 20. egocentrism; 21. animistic thinking; 22. a train; 23. conservation; 24. private speech; 25. self-guidance; 26. scaffolding; 27. assisted discovery; 28. make-believe play; 29. Head Start; 30. Head Start; 31. 10,000; 32. 5; 33. pragmatics; 34. expansion; 35. initiative vs. guilt; 36. self-esteem; 37. emotional self-regulation; 38. altruistic; 39. empathy; 40. sympathy; 41. nonsocial activity; 42. parallel play; 43. associative play; 44. cooperative play; 45. Oedipal conflict; 46. aggression; 47. time out; 48. encourage good conduct; 49. gender typing; 50. 18 -- 30 months; 51. birth or before; 52. gender identity; 53. androgynous; 54. Bodily/Kinesthetic; Logical/Mathematical; Visual/Spatial; Interpersonal; Intrapersonal; Naturalist; Musical; Verbal/Linguistic; Existential |